Lewis Smith, Science Reporter
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Huge glaciers up to half a mile thick have been discovered close to the equator of Mars and are thought to be the remnants of an ice age on the planet.
The glaciers are thought to have been formed up to 100 million years ago and are the “most dramatic” evidence yet of climate change on Mars.
Hundreds of glaciers have been identified by researchers using ground-penetrating radar that allows them to see through a rocky layer of debris covering the ice.
The biggest of the glaciers are up to 13 miles long and more than 60 miles wide and represent a potential source of water for astronauts on missions to Mars. When they formed, the climate on Mars was much colder because the tilt of the axis on which the planet spins was much greater than it is now. This allowed ice sheets to extend far beyond the polar regions and towards, possibly even reaching, the Equator.
Dr James Head, of Brown University in the United States, said: “The tilt of Mars’s spin axis sometimes gets much greater than it is now, and climate modeling tells us that ice sheets could cover mid-latitude regions of Mars during those high-tilt periods.”
The glaciers were found between 60 and 30 degrees of latitude in the southern hemisphere and a similar band is thought to hold even greater quantities of ice in the northern hemisphere.
Dr Jack Holt, of the University of Texas at Austin, in the US, said: “It’s the most dramatic evidence for climate change on Mars. There’s been a fair amount in the past but this is by far the most dramatic.
He added: “If we can understand how climate works on Mars and how it changes, perhaps it can tell us a bit about Earth’s climate.
“There are many of these glaciers, hundreds of them scattered at these latitudes. It does add up to a lot of ice and increases the known water budget on Mars.
“These glaciers almost certainly represent the largest reservoir of water ice on Mars that’s not in the polar caps. In addition to their scientific value, they could be a source of water to support future exploration of Mars.”
The glaciers were identified in the Hellas Basin region using ground-penetrating radar equipment on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft which was able to reveal what was beneath a layer of rocky debris estimated at 10 metres deep.
The blanket of rocks over the glaciers, one of which was calculated to be the size of Los Angeles, hid the ice from view but at the same time it protected it from vapourising.
Researchers involved in the study, published in the journal Science, believe the glaciers are likely to contain a frozen record of the Martian climate several million years ago.
“The ice should preserve some of the atmospheric chemistry in the planet’s past and provide us with a window on what the environment and climate was like,” said Dr Holt.
He thought it unlikely that there would be evidence of life on Mars preserved in the ice because it is thought that when the glaciers formed the surface of the planet were “not amenable” to life. Nevertheless, it was possible: “We really don’t know all the answers.”
In their report the research team concluded: “This ice survives from climatic conditions markedly different from today’s and is potentially accessible to future landed missions, not only for scientfic study but as a resource to support exploration.”
The moment your toes touch the sand and your gaze meets water, you know you’re in the Bahamas.
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I'm often deceived when reading some other people's opinions: are they really so tired or embittered, thay they can't just celebrate such a great scientific discovery, without complaining about money or pollution or God or anything else?!
Francisco, Santiago, Chile
Climate change on mars most likely was due to alien's carbon footprint. If we keep burning oil, that's what earth will look like.
JohnnyLaughter, Philadelphia, USA
I'd like to see a mission that collects ice samples to see if there is any signs of any form of life.
Mike Scirocco, Santa Cruz, CA, US
God is dead and no one cares
brad, fredericton, canada
Trying to find life on Mars/other planets is a prime example of materialism, specifically scientific materialism gone mad.
Glad to know that when they've melted down the ice those astronauts can take a long relaxing soak before it's time to turn tail & hobble back to Earth.
Richard Warwick, Croydon,
Can't we all just celebrate an amazing discovery? Understanding what happened there may help us avoid disaster here; finding life would answer one of the great mysteries; explore for exploration's sake? We explore to answer questions! And why CAN'T we solve problems here while we search out there?
Colin James, Olympia, Washington, USA
jeez can't anybody just be happy about a truly amazing discovery? Understanding what happenned to Mars' climate may help us avoid catastrophe; finding life would answer humanity's biggest question; exploring for exploring's sake? What good is that? We can't put a price tag on the search for answers!
Jamie C, Olympia, Washington, USA
Looks like Mars could do with a bit of 'global' warming.
J Grover, Wroughton, UK
The headline says "mile-thick glaciers" but the article says "glaciers up to half a mile thick". Well, which is it?
Stephen, Tunbridge Wells,
Kazuki,
Hopefully some religions will become more open the idea that the entire universe doesnt just exist for us lot (to give us nice views at night)!
To think otherwise is naive, and just plain ludicrous (in my humble opinion).
maybe they won't.
Marc, Antrim,
" 13 miles long and more than 60 miles wide "
come again...
surely you mean 60miles long and 13miles wide unless things work differently on Mars.
John Taylor, London,
so steve, that means "we" ruined mars by making it colder?
I guess then we should start finding buildings and debri left by "us" on mars also.
Patrick, la, usa
And maybe, deep in the ice, some tiny creature is surviving. Some bacteria, or some virus, or some moss or fungus. Not necessarily human-compatible. And not necessarily obviously and straightforwardly so.
Diouf, Maatea,
Cost? Have we nothing to take care of here? We are in the throws of economic depression and we send money to Mars? How absurd! With the banks lying, the Corporations lying, the war mongers lying...is NASA lying also?
Why can't we stay home, clean up own and then talk about why we NEED to go?
Rev. Dr. Kelley Elkins, Dona Ana, USA
Maybe they were running too many 4x4's?
mike, Sydney,
I find it annoying how many time the words climate change are used today. I thought we were exploring to explore, not prove current polical/scientific hypothesis or prove God is dead. Try chanting a new mantra every now and then to avoid group think.
Pete, Vancouver, USA
Didn't do 'em much good, did it??
Herbert George, Hunab Ku, US
I keep telling everybody that we are the Martians responsible for that planet's climatic disasters. We ravaged that planet then moved on to this one and are doing the same thing...Where do we go next?
Steve, Vallejo, USA
Maybe they'll find a Martian mammoth inside the glacier.
Mikios, Hong Kong, China
Very interesting news & good work to the scientists. Will this be the "tip of the iceberg" regarding Martian glaciers/water? Now we need a mission to sample the glacial ice although that may be impossible. I'm thinking the precursors of or simple life could be in this ice. A major discovery. great!
Robert, Chicago, USA
Better not tell Al Gore. He will go after lunar warming! Reid and Pelosi will be his main supporters!
whs806, amarillo, USA
how are these "Mile-thick glaciers found on Mars" "up to half a mile thick", that makes no sense.
callum, peterborough, england
Maybe the Martians also observed Mass on Sundays when they were created 5000 years ago by God?
Kazuki, Tokyo, Japan